Saluting 19 Generations Of Computer Programmers

By Peter Wayner, InfoWorld

From punch cards to JavaScript, computing history owes everything to those who've programmed the machines.

 The computer industry has been through a number of generations, each with its own distinctive flavor, often defined by a programming language or technology. They burst out with newborn fervor before settling into a comfortable middle age -- still kicking somewhere because software never really dies.

These new technologies often group programmers by generation. When programmers enter the job market and learn a language, they may stick with the same syntax for life. It's not that it's hard to learn a new language; you can often make more money with the expertise you have, so the generations live on.

Here is our guide to some of the more dominant tech generations in computer history, as embodied by the programmers who gave them life.

Punch-card programmers

The '60s-era computers received instructions from cards with punched holes, a scheme that dates to the earliest programmable looms for weaving cloth. There was recently a story about a punch card programmer for looms in England that still use the old technology to make lace.
Language of choice: Fortran
Special skill: Not dropping the deck of punch cards
Social media strategy: Joining the right country club
Other career choice: Advertising
Clothing: Dark flannel suit
Rhetorical tic: "They say there's a need for five computers, but I think doubling or tripling that estimate would be more accurate."
Car: Oldsmobile
Song: Ella Fitzgerald's "Mack the Knife"
Favorite artifact: Wreath made of punch cards

Space Shuttle programmers

This crew worked with 8086 chips and kept the shuttles running by searching eBay for replacement hardware. The computers may not have had much memory, but they traveled farther than the biggest mainframes and fanciest racks.
Language of choice: Assembly code
Special skill: Remembering which register is already swapped to RAM
Social media strategy: Logged into Facebook once to friend spouse and neighbor
Other career choice: Disco lighting designer
Clothing: Leisure suits
Rhetorical tic: "If we don't do it, the Russians will win."
Car: Cadillac Eldorado
Song: Frank Sinatra's "Fly Me to the Moon"
Favorite artifact: 8086 chip

Cray programmers

There was a time when the fastest computers were built by a small company run by an enigmatic genius who spent off-hours digging tunnels in his basement.
Language of choice: Cray's automatically vectorizing Fortran
Special skill: Setting up loops so the Fortran compiler could vectorize them
Social media strategy: Going to the company holiday party
Other career choice: NASA rocket scientist
Clothing: White shirt with pocket protector
Rhetorical tic: "It's classified."
Car: Nondescript sedan that blends into the NSA parking lot
Song: Wendy Carlos and Benjamin Folkman's "Switched-On Bach"
Favorite artifact: Cray sitting in the NCM outside Fort Meade

Cobol programmers

The first big adopters of computers never would have succeeded without a simple mechanism for writing software that supported the core business. Cobol was the first great tool for writing what the enterprise programmers call "business logic."
Other language of choice: Fortran
Special skill: Using self-modifying code like ALTER X TO PROCEED TO Y
Social media strategy: Sends out Christmas cards printed on paper
Other career choice: Stereo designer
Clothing: Tracksuit left over from an early morning mall walk
Rhetorical tic: "It's cool."
Car: Honda Civic
Song: Gillian Hills, "Zou Bisou Bisou"
Favorite artifact: Something signed by Grace Hopper

Basic programmers

Invented to help Dartmouth students learn to write endless loops, Basic became the dominant early PC language when Bill Gates released Microsoft Basic. All the early games and software for the PCs were written in Basic. Today it lives on as Visual Basic.
Other language of choice: Assembly code
Special skill: Using GOTO without creating spaghetti code
Social media strategy: Going to Studio 54
Other career choice: Fast-food restaurant developer
Clothing: Bell bottoms
Rhetorical tic: "It's easy."
Car: Last convertible
Song: Blondie, "Heart of Glass"
Favorite artifact: Cassette version of Microsoft Basic

C programmers

C grew hand in hand with all of the variations of Unix and is still used by those who love Unix and Linux. It remains the tool of choice for those who program "close to the metal."
Other language of choice: C++
Special skill: Remembering to free everything malloced
Social media strategy: Posts to Usenet three times a month
Other career choice: Bell telephone switch technician
Clothing: Red Hat T-shirt from the early days
Rhetorical tic: "Wouldn't you rather handle the memory yourself?"
Car: Original Toyota Land Cruiser
Song: Something by the Ramones
Favorite artifact: Bell Labs coffee cup

C++ programmers

When C programmers looked at the idea of object-oriented programming, they created C++, a baroque version that worked best when the programmer was able to keep track of all the complicated ways code could interact. It took all of the garage-grade DIY intensity and added another way for programmers to prove themselves worthy.
Other language of choice: C
Special skill: Multiple inheritance
Social media strategy: Friendster
Other career choice: Pinball wizard
Clothing: Jeans jacket with safety pins
Rhetorical tic: "Java pretty much broke object-oriented programming."
Car: Ford Explorer
Song: The Clash's "Clash City Rockers"
Favorite artifact: Borland C++ T-shirt

Objective-C programmers (first generation)

There are two groups of people who fell in love with Objective-C: the people who bought a NeXT machine and those who bought an iPhone. The first generation went on to rescue Apple in its darkest days.
Other language of choice: Smalltalk
Special skill: Using InterfaceBuilder
Social media strategy: Subscribes to 42 mailing lists
Other career choice: Wall Street investment banker
Clothing: Hawaiian shirt
Rhetorical tic: "You mean C++ doesn't do that for you?"
Car: Mazda RX-7 or BMW 325
Song: Anything by Bob Dylan, Grateful Dead, or anyone else liked by Steve Jobs
Favorite artifact: NeXT machine

Perl programmers

The simple language for manipulating text files appeared around the same time as the Internet, so when people needed to fix Web servers, they turned first to Perl.
Other language of choice: Unix shell scripts
Special skill: Regular expressions
Social media strategy: Arguing on Slashdot
Other career choice: Roboticist building simulated dinosaurs for malls
Clothing: Jacket and T-shirt
Rhetorical tic: "It's the duct tape of the Internet."
Car: Tuned Honda Civic
Song: Pantera's "Cemetery Gates"
Favorite artifact: First edition of O'Reilly's Perl handbook

PHP programmers

Many PHP programmers fell into PHP by accident. They were creating HTML, and they needed a bit of dynamic logic. One tag led to another, and they found themselves creating websites and CMSes with the code.
Other language of choice: JavaScript
Special skill:Juggling the coding layer and the HTML markup
Social media strategy: More than 1,000 friends on Facebook; still logs into MySpace
Other career choice: Mortgage broker
Clothing: T-shirt depicting logo of pre-bubble startup you've never heard of
Rhetorical tic: "Monetize the eyeballs."
Car: Aging SUV
Song: The Cure's "Just Like Heaven"
Favorite artifact: Orange Kozmo moped

Java programmers

The first great language for the Internet, Java was driven by the promise of running everywhere. The desktops never surrendered to the server farms, but the introductory programming classes did.
Other language of choice: Pascal
Special skill: Creating extralong variable names in camel case so the code is self-documenting
Social media strategy: Checks Java.net account for local Java Users Group meetings
Other career choice: Y2K programmer
Clothing: Java One polo shirt
Rhetorical tic: "The JVM will just handle it in another thread."
Car: Mazda Miata
Song: Talking Heads' "Wild Wild Life"
Favorite artifact: Something signed by Jim Gosling

C# programmers

They fell in love with Java but remained loyal to Microsoft, perhaps because the boss insisted. The code looks similar. The idioms work the same way. It's pretty much the same as Java, but with a few fixes worked into the mix.
Other language of choice: .Net
Special skill: Navigating the .Net documentation
Social media strategy: Wondering whether Skype counts as social media
Other career choice: Starbucks barista
Clothing: Freebie Windows 98 tennis cap
Rhetorical tic: "It's really more efficient than the JVM."
Car: Toyota Prius
Song: Nirvana's "Come As You Are"
Favorite artifact: A Windows 8 phone

JavaScript programmers (first generation)

The first group of JavaScript programmers weren't really programmers but Web designers who needed their page to do a bit more. Many just wanted to check inputs, but a few ushered in the unending era of garish animations.
Other language of choice: HTML
Special skill: Remembering to put the function between script tags
Social media strategy: Going to a friend's GeoCities page
Other career choice: Chain restaurant manager
Rhetorical tic: "It works on IE 5.5 but not 6.0 yet."
Clothing: Parachute pants
Car: Ford Taurus
Song: Beastie Boys' "So What'cha Want"
Favorite artifact: Netscape Share Certificate

Ruby on Rails programmers

It takes all of 10 minutes to wrap a nice website around MySQL, then years to fiddle with it. The Ruby language offers a clean, low-punctuation syntax, while the Rails framework makes it easy to type the smallest files around. It's almost as if it were designed by carpal-tunnel sufferers.
Other language of choice: SQL
Special skill: Getting your stack to run on JRuby
Social media strategy: Writing a personal version of Facebook in 20 lines of code
Other career choice: Molecular gastronomist
Clothing: Plaid shirt and jeans
Rhetorical tic: "You just need a few tables and you're done."
Car: Minivan
Song: "The Rails Song"
Favorite artifact: 37 Signals T-shirt

Objective-C programmers (second generation)

The second generation of Objective-C lovers appeared during the app gold rush after Apple opened up the iPhone to apps written by outsiders. Suddenly a language slowly dying was reborn.
Other language of choice: JavaScript
Special skill: Figuring out how to make the layout manager work
Social media strategy: Posts pictures to Instagram and Hipstamatic but never uses words
Other career choice: Mortgage foreclosure processor
Clothing: Hoodie
Rhetorical tic: "This will sell millions."
Car: BMW
Song: Feist's "1234" or anything else chosen for an Apple commercial
Favorite artifact: iPod with a wheel

JavaScript programmers (second generation)

At some point, JavaScript programming turned into a professional path with snooty ideas and endless debates about clean code. Today, many Web pages are powered by sophisticated stacks that can only be maintained by skilled coders. The field is dominated by libraries that abstract away browser incongruities and offer a sophisticated plug-in structure.
Other language of choice: jQuery
Special skill: Closures
Social media strategy: Waiting for App.net
Other career choice: Working as a barista
Clothing: Hoodie
Rhetorical tic: "There's an open source jQuery plug-in that does it."
Car: Fixed-gear bicycle
Song: M83, "Midnight City"
Favorite artifact: Brendan Eich DM

Haskell programmers

The language of the future offers a functional, statically typed mechanism that can reduce the complexity of event-driven code. The main users are still found in universities, but that's changing as cool open source projects gain traction.
Other language of choice: ML
Special skill: Getting around the prohibitions on keeping state around
Social media strategy: Alumni Notes, Reddit
Other career choice: Professor of mathematics
Clothing: Turtleneck sweater with elbow patches
Rhetorical tic: "I like my laziness effortless and ubiquitous."
Car: Yugo
Song: Karlheinz Stockhausen's "Klavierstücke IX"
Favorite artifact: Möbius strip

Hadoop programmers

The tool for building map/reduce jobs is technically not a language, but a collection of libraries written in Java. Not that it matters -- writing the code requires a talent for spotting the best way to spread out the workload over a cluster of machines.
Other language of choice: Java
Special skill: Making sure the data is always local
Social media strategy: Yahoo coding conferences
Other career choice: Actuary
Clothing: Flannel shirt with beard, where possible
Rhetorical tic: "Big data."
Car: Retro Schwinn 10-speed bike
Song: Dan Deacon's electronica
Favorite artifact: Stuffed elephant

Node.js programmers

They learned JavaScript to add an Easter egg to their band's website. Now they're working for the enterprise using that same JavaScript to handle $10 billion in forex transactions a day.
Other language of choice: jQuery
Special skill: Trying to remember not to block the server with code that takes too long to execute
Social media strategy: Still bummed Diaspora hasn't gone far
Other career choice: Going to college
Clothing: Ironic T-shirt from Old Navy
Rhetorical tic: "Threads can be concurrent? Are you sure?"
Car: Skateboard
Song: "Video Games" by Lana del Rey
Favorite artifact: Rooted Android phone running Node

Credit: http://www.infoworld.com
 

 

SMS Text Messaging Advantages and Disadvantages

SMS iѕ tесhnоlоgу that соntributеd vаriеd bеnеfiсiаl ѕеrviсеѕ tо the world аnd is uѕеd in different аррliсаtiоnѕ. Thеѕе applications inсludе buѕinеѕѕ and trade, еbаnking, аѕ wеll аѕ social аnd ѕрirituаl аррliсаtiоnѕ.

 

Indееd, mоbilе рhоnеѕ have mаdе tremendous соntributiоnѕ to ѕосiеtу аnd to mankind. Frоm itѕ inсерtiоn аѕ a tооl оf communication uѕеd only bу dеаf оr hearing imраirеd individuаlѕ, SMS оr Short Mеѕѕаging Sеrviсе hаd turned intо a vеrу роwеrful mеаnѕ оf communication. Alѕо, SMS had made thе wоrld smaller and muсh bеttеr аѕ people rарidlу gаin ассеѕѕ tо mobile рhоnеѕ. Mоrеоvеr, it created a nеw way оf ѕуѕtеm оf соmmuniсаtiоn аll tоgеthеr.

SMS Applications аnd Advаntаgеѕ

SMS hаѕ countless contributions to thе worlds and let’s discuss ѕоmе оf thеm.

 

•1. Bаnking

SMS had contributed ѕо much in terms оf trаnѕасtiоnѕ likе depositing аnd withdrаwing money. Instead оf реорlе gоing to thе banks tо trаnѕасt, thе latter hаd instituted various wауѕ ѕо thаt the customers саn реrfоrm bank trаnѕасtiоnѕ through short mеѕѕаging ѕеrviсе. Thiѕ mаkеѕ thеm соmрlеtе thеir financial trаnѕасtiоnѕ with оut lеаving their оffiсеѕ and or thеir homes.

 

•2. Sосiаl Aspect

SMS has mаdе old acquaintances and fаmilу mеmbеrѕ bесоmе соntinuаllу in tоuсh.

 

•3. Buѕinеѕѕ

SMS аllоwѕ fоr thе ѕаlеѕ аnd рurсhаѕе оf gооdѕ еаѕiеr. By juѕt ѕеnding аnd receiving tеxt mеѕѕаgеѕ, both buуеrѕ аnd vеndоrѕ of рrоduсtѕ nееd nоt hаvе tо mееt fасе-tо-fасе when trаding.

•

4. Spiritual Aspect

In rеligiоn and bеliеfѕ, SMS tоо hаd рlауеd a ѕignifiсаnt role in рrораgаting the fаith and inѕрiring thе wеаrу soul. Religion's text vеrѕеѕ wеrе nоw ѕеnt through tеxt messages.

SMS Disadvantages

Like аnу оthеr tесhnоlоgiсаl аdvаnсеѕ, SMS hаѕ itѕ own share of diѕаdvаntаgеѕ. 

 

1. It is bеing uѕеd by unѕсruрulоuѕ реорlе tо blackmail others. Sоmе сrооkеd grоuр оf people will send you tеxt messages stating that you hаvе allegedly won in a lottery or promos. Then you’ll find out thаt thе aforementioned wеrе nоt true and will only bribе уоu some аmоunt of mоnеу.

 

2. SMS hаѕ mаdе some fаmiliеѕ diѕintеgrаtе in one way or аnоthеr. Huѕbаndѕ аnd wivеѕ саn be оссuрiеd sending text messages tо ѕоmе friеndѕ оr соllеаguеѕ. Rаthеr thаn tаlking to оnе another аnd thеir children, they’ll usually рiсk up the сеll рhоnе and tеxt оr play games. Likеwiѕе, сhildrеn аrе communicating tо their peers most оftеn using tеxt messages аnd lоѕе ԛuаlitу timе interacting with their раrеntѕ. Sаdlу, their intеrасtiоn, соmmuniсаtiоn, аnd even rеlаtiоnѕhiр аrе еndаngеrеd. Sоmе uѕеrѕ аlѕо became addicted to Shоrt Messaging Sуѕtеm.

 

Nеvеrthеlеѕѕ, аll iѕ not уеt lost in tеrmѕ оf gеtting the full potential of thiѕ nеw mеѕѕаging tооl. Wе only hаvе to аррlу it in the way thаt wе саn mаximizе itѕ uѕаgе аnd ѕеrviсеѕ. Sеnding ѕсаmѕ, blасkmаilѕ, and оthеrѕ with thе same еvil motives should be stopped at once. Wе can all start ѕеnding gооd аnd inѕрiring mеѕѕаgеѕ that will еnаblе оthеrѕ tо be uplifted аnd inѕрirеd to dо whаt iѕ right. Wе ѕhоuld nоt forget tо intеrасt with оthеr individuаlѕ, аѕ wеll. While SMS iѕ a great help in communicating to people, fасе-tо-fасе interaction ѕhоuld not bе рut аѕidе. Tесhnоlоgу like thiѕ iѕ bеnеfiсiаl, but аbuѕing it will ruin its truе рurроѕе аnd funсtiоnѕ аѕ tо why it iѕ invеntеd in thе first place.

 

 

Credit: http://www.telegramdownload.com

 

Piracy

Tutorial by Mindset Learn

Portable Software Applications that run from USB

Independently reviewed and categorized Free Portable Software, Portable Freeware, and Open Source Portable Applications that can be stored and run directly from a USB Flash Drive, without the need to install the software to a PC.

Bring your office applications, email, web browser, instant messaging software, games, graphical editors, media player, anti virus software, recovery tools, encryption utilities, P2P file sharing utilities and more with you.

Most, but not all of these freeware and open source third party portable apps were created by their respective authors with the ability to be run entirely from the portable device, and in many cases these portable tools allow you to save your personal settings, changes, and work created with the tools back to the same device.

http://www.pendriveapps.com/

How to connect your laptop to a TV

The major advancements in technology recently has made wireless streaming become incredibly inexpensive and increasingly convenient. To make your life easier, this quick and easy guide will help you connect your laptop to your TV, whether you want to go wireless or wired.

Wireless Connection

Chromecast

Since its wildly popular release in July 2013, Chromecast has risen to become the unofficial king of affordable wireless content streaming. For those unfamiliar, the HDMI-connected dongle uses a variety of third-party apps accessed from your Mac, PC, iOS, or Android device to stream content to your TV. In this way, it eliminates many of the reasons you might need to connect your laptop to your TV in the first place. But Chromecast also allows you to mirror anything playing through a Chrome browser on a Mac or PC. Users have complained that this method can be a bit dodgy, but it’s still a useful way to send just about any online content to the big screen on the cheap.


Airtame

 An Indiegogo superstar, this little device is an extremely cool and efficient way to get things from any PC -  be it Windows, Mac, or Linux based – onto any HDMI-equipped screen. The device works by downloading the Airtame software to your preferred machine, connecting the dongle to the screen of choice, and then selecting said dongle from the app’s menu for streaming.  One of the coolest features about Airtame is its ability to stream to multiple devices from the same machine – all you need is more dongles. Free from the burden of third-party app selection, Airtame  is a great solution for those with mighty computers who want to watch their media on mighty TVs.


Plair 2 HDMI

Plair 2 answers almost all of your streaming needs – as long as those needs are based solely on the Google Play app store, that is. But hang on, Mac faithful – there’s something here for you, too. Instead of using your Android device to access apps directly, the device employs a sort of hybrid method of streaming, allowing you to connect to a wide variety of Google Play apps on your TV through the Plair app itself. And perhaps most impressively, the app can be downloaded for Mac, PC, Android, and iOS devices.
The system works by first connecting the Plair 2 Dongle to your TV’s HDMI input. You then download the Plair app to your desired device, and pair the dongle to your home Wi-Fi network in the app’s settings. Once connected, you use your desired device as a remote for the Plair 2 dongle, which throws the content on the big screen.
From the Plair home screen, you get access to a default selection of streaming apps like Netflix and Hulu Plus, as well as the theoretical ability to download basically any app from the Google Play store. The bad news? We’ve heard some horror stories about usability, buffering, and even crashing. This may be why Chromecast is a celebrity, and Plair 2 is definitely not.

Wired Connection

So you want to go old-school and just run a cable from your laptop to your TV? That’s cool with us, so long as you and your housemates aren’t prone to tripping. Here’s a quick guide on picking the right cable for your laptop and getting all the settings right.

Step 1: Compare Ports on Your TV and Laptop

Ideally, your laptop and TV will have at least one type of display port in common. If you have newer equipment, you’re far more likely to have ports that match – but even if you don’t, you’re fine. There are dozens of crossover cables that can make it happen. Here’s what you’re looking for:

Step 2: Get the Right Cord(s)

Once you’ve scoped out your ports, the next step is finding a cord that will connect your devices. Below we’ve listed the various cords you can use, but it should be noted that all kinds of crossover cords and adapters are available (HDMI to DVI, Mini Display Port to VGA, etc.)

Audio: Since HDMI is the only connection that carries video AND audio, you’ll generally need to get an additional cord to transmit sound if you’re using any other type of connection. In most cases, the easiest, most effective, and affordable option is a two-channel RCA to headphone jack cable - otherwise known as the two-prong red and white thingamabob. Plug the black end into your headphone (audio output) jack, cram the other two into the back of your TV, and if everything goes well, your laptop’s audio should be channeled through your TV’s speakers.

Step 3: Hook Up and Watch

The last step might seem like a no-brainer, but getting what’s on your computer screen to show up on your TV isn’t always as simple as plugging in a cord. In most cases, you’ll need to adjust your laptop’s display settings to ensure that the video ends up on the correct screen. Depending on what operating system your laptop is running, this will require different steps.

Windows

1. Connect your laptop to your display
2. Open Screen Resolution by clicking the Start button , clicking Control Panel, and then, under Appearance and Personalization, clicking Adjust screen resolution.
3. Click the drop-down list next to Multiple displays
4. Choose either Extend these displays or Duplicate these displays. The former will create a second display adjacent to your main one, whereas the latter will mirror what’s shown on your desktop.

*Note: Windows 7 and 8 users can quickly access these display settings by using the keyboard shortcut +P


Mac OS X

1. Make sure your additional display is properly connected and powered on.
2. From the Apple () menu, choose System Preferences.
3. From the View menu, choose Displays.
4. Click the Arrangement tab.
5. Enable (check) “Mirror Displays” in the bottom-left corner, or simply leave it unchecked to “Extend Displays”

URL Resource:

Prindle, D. (2014, February 19). How To Connect Your Laptop To A TV [Web log post]. Retrieved April 7, 2014, from http://www.digitaltrends.com.